Your second or third grader understands that words do not always mean exactly what they say. Children at this age can understand and tell jokes. They are also beginning to understand puns, understatement, and sarcasm. Understanding double meanings helps children to understand humor and irony when they read or listen to stories as well as to use these devices in their own storytelling.

Readers and writers listen for extended periods of time and comprehend new facts and information. Whether they listen to a soccer coach explain a strategy, to a science teacher explain an experiment about buoyancy, or to a parent reading aloud from a book about whales, second- and third-graders pay attention to and retain details. With guidance from teachers and parents, they try to connect the new information they learn to what they already know about a topic. Having prior knowledge about a wide variety of topics is important. The more your child already knows about a topic, the more new information about the same topic she is able to learn.

Second and third graders build their vocabularies through listening. Not only do children at this age know many, many words, but they also know a lot about the words they know. By the end of third grade, children become skilled at understanding the fine distinctions among closely related words. They might understand the difference among different words for "walk" -- for example, "trudge," "hustle," and "scamper."

Despite his growing reading skills, your second- or third-grader still benefits from listening to stories read aloud. When children become more fluent readers and writers, many parents wonder if it is still OK to read to them. After all, the second or third grader can read by himself. Reading to your second or third grader is still a good practice. By reading challenging books aloud to your child, you can help him learn new vocabulary words and concepts. Better yet, reading a book to your child is a way of exploring a new world or a new experience together.

Being able to listen and contribute in classroom discussions helps your child learn. Most second and third graders can enter conversations that are already in progress and can sustain a conversation of eight or more lengthy exchanges by listening and building on what the other person said. Being a good listener is important for participating in small groups in which children are expected to collaborate with one another and understand each other's perspectives.